Coal India Limited

Coal India Limited

Coal India Limited (CIL) was incorporated in November 1975 as a state-owned holding company to manage nationalized coal mines, emerging from the merger of the National Coal Development Corporation and the Coal Mines Authority Limited. It is now the world's largest coal producer, a Maharatna company, operating across eight Indian states. 

Key historical milestones for Coal India Limited include:

• 1971–1973 (Nationalization): Coking coal mines were taken over in 1971–72, followed by non-coking coal mines in 1973, bringing them under government control.
• 1975 (Formation): CIL was formed in November 1975 as a holding company.
• 1985-1993 (Subsidiary Formation): Key subsidiaries like Northern Coalfields Limited (NCL), South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), and Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) were formed during this period.
• 2006-2009 (Status Upgrades): CIL was awarded Miniratna status (2006–07) and later Navratna status (2008–09).
• 2010 (IPO): CIL launched its Initial Public Offering (IPO) in 2010, which was at the time the largest in Indian history.
• 2011 (Maharatna Status): The government granted Maharatna status to CIL. 

As of April 2025, CIL operates 310 mines through 14 fully owned subsidiaries.